{"id":19349,"date":"2026-08-22T12:06:12","date_gmt":"2026-08-22T12:06:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interspacemusic.com\/blog\/vietnam-fully-ai-generated-song-no-copyright-rightsholders-opt-out\/"},"modified":"2026-08-22T12:07:59","modified_gmt":"2026-08-22T12:07:59","slug":"vietnam-fully-ai-generated-song-no-copyright-rightsholders-opt-out","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interspacemusic.com\/blog\/vietnam-fully-ai-generated-song-no-copyright-rightsholders-opt-out\/","title":{"rendered":"Vietnam Says a Fully AI-Generated Song Has No Copyright. It Also Gave Rightsholders an Opt-Out."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vietnam&#8217;s Decree 134\/2026 says a song generated entirely by artificial intelligence carries no copyright in Vietnam, and it hands rightsholders a formal channel to block their catalogues from being used as AI training data. The decree was issued on 6 April 2026 and took effect on 9 April, amending Decree 17\/2023 on copyright and related rights.<\/p>\n<p>It is one of the first Southeast Asian markets to write the AI question into its copyright rules rather than wait for case law.<\/p>\n<h2>The human contribution test<\/h2>\n<p>Article 5a sets the bar. Copyright arises only where a human makes a substantial and decisive intellectual contribution and exercises effective control over the outcome.<\/p>\n<p>AI is treated as a tool, never a rightsholder. Work generated entirely by a model gets no protection, according to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bakermckenzie.com\/en\/insight\/publications\/2026\/05\/vietnam-redefining-copyright-for-ai\">13 May 2026 analysis by Baker McKenzie&#8217;s Manh Hung Tran and colleagues<\/a>, which also notes the expectation that creators retain prompts and drafts evidencing human involvement.<\/p>\n<p>The consequence is evidentiary. If AI sat anywhere in your chain, the file proving human authorship is now part of the asset.<\/p>\n<h2>The opt-out is real, and it has two channels<\/h2>\n<p>Articles 37a to 37c cover TDM. TDM means text and data mining, the automated ingestion of works to train or test a model.<\/p>\n<p>Article 37a permits it for research, testing and AI training where use stays non-commercial at the point of use, the source was lawfully published, and no technical protection was circumvented.<\/p>\n<p>Article 37b is the one a catalogue owner should read twice. Rightsholders can reserve their works against mining by either of two routes, per <a href=\"https:\/\/www.managingip.com\/article\/2gaw2nfdx6ek4kpx49iww\/sponsored-content\/new-decree-strengthens-vietnams-copyright-framework-in-the-ai-era\">Thuy Thi Ngoc Huynh&#8217;s 29 April 2026 breakdown for Managing IP<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Machine-readable rights-management information carried with the files themselves.<\/li>\n<li>A declaration made through a collective management organisation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In music that second route points at VCPMC, the Vietnam Center for Protection of Music Copyright, which represents authors, alongside RIAV for producers and APPA for performers.<\/p>\n<p>Article 37c flips the burden. Anyone commercially exploiting a model trained on protected material must keep technical records and datasets, and royalty obligations may follow.<\/p>\n<h2>Enforcement got heavier first<\/h2>\n<p>The penalty side moved first. Decree 341\/2025, effective 15 February 2026, replaced the 2013 sanctions regime, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tilleke.com\/insights\/vietnam-issues-new-decree-on-administrative-sanctions-for-copyright-and-related-rights\/\">Tilleke and Gibbins reported<\/a> maximum administrative fines of VND 250 million for individuals and VND 500 million for organisations, roughly USD 9,500 and USD 19,000.<\/p>\n<p>Infringing acts expanded from 31 to 43. Remedial measures went from 4 to 29, now including blocking of infringing digital content and disgorgement of profits.<\/p>\n<p>It also reaches foreign entities whose content is accessed or exploited by users inside Vietnam. An offshore distributor is inside the perimeter.<\/p>\n<h2>Why it lands in a market already full of AI vocals<\/h2>\n<p>Not hypothetical here. &#8220;Say m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec em&#8221;, credited to Huong My Bong and Ken Quach and performed by AI, entered the top 10 most-searched Vietnamese songs of 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/baohatinh.vn\/ly-do-nhac-ai-gay-chu-y-voi-khan-gia-viet-post308809.html\">B\u00e1o H\u00e0 T\u0129nh reported on 9 April 2026<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>SGGP&#8217;s Tieu Tan <a href=\"https:\/\/en.sggp.org.vn\/ai-tradition-clash-as-v-pop-enters-new-era-of-professionalism-post123261.html\">wrote on 16 January 2026<\/a> that Huong My Bong later sued over the track, and quoted composer Nguyen Van Chung warning that income and recognition would get harder for human writers.<\/p>\n<p>All of this while Vietnam switches on its collection layer. The <a href=\"https:\/\/interspacemusic.com\/blog\/vietnam-collected-a-record-vnd424-billion-in-music-royalties-from-1-july-every-cafe-in-hanoi-owes-a-share\/\">standardised royalty schedule for commercial venues took effect on 1 July 2026<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>What to do with a Vietnamese catalogue this quarter<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Attach machine-readable rights-management information at delivery, not as a later cleanup pass.<\/li>\n<li>File the TDM reservation through the relevant society if you want the declaratory route as well.<\/li>\n<li>Keep a human-contribution record for every AI-assisted release: prompts, session files, stems, dated drafts.<\/li>\n<li>Register electronically. Article 38.9 gives electronic certificates the same legal status as paper ones.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A reservation only works if something carries it. DDEX, the Digital Data Exchange standard governing how release metadata moves between labels and platforms, is where that flag lives or dies.<\/p>\n<p>So this is a delivery question too. Whoever ships your catalogue to <a href=\"https:\/\/interspacemusic.com\/blog\/vietnams-music-market-runs-on-zing-mp3-and-nhaccuatui-spotify-reaches-barely-1-in-4-listeners\/\">Zing MP3 and NhacCuaTui as well as Spotify<\/a> carries your rights information into a jurisdiction that has now decided to read it. Set against the <a href=\"https:\/\/interspacemusic.com\/blog\/every-ai-music-licensing-deal-2026-opt-in-box-sits-with-rightsholder\/\">opt-in structure of 2026&#8217;s AI licensing deals<\/a>, where the choice sits upstream with a rightsholder, Vietnam has put part of it back in yours.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Vietnam&#8217;s Decree 134\/2026 denies copyright to fully AI-generated songs and lets rightsholders reserve catalogues against AI training via machine-readable metadata or a CMO declaration. What Articles 5a and 37a to 37c mean for anyone distributing into Vietnam.","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":19350,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"csco_display_header_overlay":false,"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_location_hash":"","csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[518],"tags":[170,503,169,24,2485,412],"class_list":["post-19349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-policy-legal","tag-ai","tag-copyright","tag-ddex","tag-music","tag-v-pop","tag-vietnam","cs-entry","cs-video-wrap"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Vietnam Says a Fully AI-Generated Song Has No Copyright. 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