{"id":27393,"date":"2026-11-11T07:55:45","date_gmt":"2026-11-11T07:55:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/interspacemusic.com\/blog\/la-victoire-democrate-aux-elections-de-mi-mandat-ouvre-le-debat-sur-les-protections-liees-a-lia-dans-la-musique\/"},"modified":"2026-11-11T07:55:45","modified_gmt":"2026-11-11T07:55:45","slug":"la-victoire-democrate-aux-elections-de-mi-mandat-ouvre-le-debat-sur-les-protections-liees-a-lia-dans-la-musique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interspacemusic.com\/blog\/fr\/la-victoire-democrate-aux-elections-de-mi-mandat-ouvre-le-debat-sur-les-protections-liees-a-lia-dans-la-musique\/","title":{"rendered":"La victoire d\u00e9mocrate aux \u00e9lections de mi-mandat ouvre le d\u00e9bat sur les protections li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019IA dans la musique"},"content":{"rendered":"

La victoire d\u00e9mocrate aux \u00e9lections de mi-mandat donne au Congr\u00e8s<\/strong> l\u2019occasion de r\u00e9examiner l\u2019utilisation de la musique par les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019intelligence artificielle (AI). Les propositions portent sur les donn\u00e9es d\u2019entra\u00eenement, les autorisations li\u00e9es au droit d\u2019auteur et le contr\u00f4le exerc\u00e9 par les interpr\u00e8tes sur les versions synth\u00e9tiques de leur voix, mais toute loi se heurterait \u00e0 des obstacles politiques et juridiques.<\/p>\n

Le 5 novembre, le Nasdaq<\/strong> a recul\u00e9 d\u2019environ 5.5%<\/strong>, les investisseurs \u00e9valuant la perspective d\u2019une r\u00e9glementation plus stricte de l\u2019AI et de limites \u00e0 l\u2019expansion des centres de donn\u00e9es. Le pr\u00e9sident Trump conserve son droit de veto, et le soutien bipartisan aux propositions existantes ne garantit pas leur adoption.<\/p>\n

Droit d\u2019auteur et entra\u00eenement \u00e0 des fins commerciales<\/h2>\n

Le droit d\u2019auteur r\u00e9git certaines copies de compositions et d\u2019enregistrements, sous r\u00e9serve d\u2019exceptions telles que le fair use. La question de savoir si certaines pratiques d\u2019entra\u00eenement de l\u2019AI rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une exception reste controvers\u00e9e, et l\u2019autorisation portant sur une composition ne couvre pas n\u00e9cessairement son enregistrement.<\/p>\n

Dans l\u2019affaire Bartz v. Anthropic<\/em> de 2025, un juge a estim\u00e9 que l\u2019utilisation examin\u00e9e pour l\u2019entra\u00eenement relevait du fair use, mais a rejet\u00e9 ce moyen de d\u00e9fense pour l\u2019acquisition et la conservation de livres pirat\u00e9s dans une biblioth\u00e8que distincte. La d\u00e9cision n\u2019a pas tranch\u00e9 la mani\u00e8re dont le droit d\u2019auteur s\u2019applique \u00e0 l\u2019entra\u00eenement musical \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale.<\/p>\n

Un document de travail de Senator Marsha Blackburn<\/a><\/strong> propose d\u2019exclure du fair use l\u2019entra\u00eenement non autoris\u00e9 de l\u2019AI. Une autre approche envisageable consisterait \u00e0 exiger une autorisation pour des utilisations commerciales d\u00e9finies de musique prot\u00e9g\u00e9e dans l\u2019entra\u00eenement de l\u2019AI g\u00e9n\u00e9rative, avec des exceptions pr\u00e9cises.<\/p>\n

Archives et transparence<\/h2>\n

Les titulaires de droits d\u2019auteur peuvent avoir du mal \u00e0 obtenir des preuves du contenu d\u2019un jeu de donn\u00e9es d\u2019entra\u00eenement. La seule similarit\u00e9 entre les r\u00e9sultats d\u2019un syst\u00e8me et le catalogue d\u2019un artiste ne permet pas d\u2019\u00e9tablir que certains enregistrements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s ni qu\u2019une infraction a \u00e9t\u00e9 commise.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Le CLEAR Act<\/strong> exigerait la divulgation des \u0153uvres prot\u00e9g\u00e9es par le droit d\u2019auteur couvertes et pr\u00e9sentes dans les jeux de donn\u00e9es d\u2019entra\u00eenement.<\/li>\n
  • Le TRAIN Act<\/strong> \u00e9tablirait une proc\u00e9dure de subpoena permettant aux titulaires de demander des archives concernant leurs propres \u0153uvres.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Aucune de ces mesures n\u2019\u00e9tablirait automatiquement une infraction. Des r\u00e8gles de conservation des archives et des audits ind\u00e9pendants sont d\u2019autres pistes pour rendre les pratiques d\u2019entra\u00eenement v\u00e9rifiables, tout en r\u00e9servant les informations sensibles aux enqu\u00eateurs qualifi\u00e9s ou \u00e0 un tribunal. Le champ d\u2019application du CLEAR couvre g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les \u0153uvres enregistr\u00e9es et certains enregistrements plus anciens, mais exclut d\u2019autres \u0153uvres musicales qui peuvent tout de m\u00eame \u00eatre prot\u00e9g\u00e9es par le droit d\u2019auteur.<\/p>\n

    Voix, r\u00e9pliques et consentement<\/h2>\n

    La d\u00e9tention d\u2019un enregistrement master ne suffit pas, \u00e0 elle seule, \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer si une entreprise peut cr\u00e9er une nouvelle performance avec la voix d\u2019un chanteur. Les protections varient selon les \u00c9tats, tandis que le projet de NO FAKES Act<\/strong> \u00e9tablirait une protection f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de la voix et de l\u2019apparence, ainsi qu\u2019une proc\u00e9dure pour traiter les r\u00e9pliques non autoris\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

    Le d\u00e9bat sur le projet de loi porte notamment sur la mani\u00e8re de pr\u00e9server la place du reportage, de la critique, de la parodie et d\u2019autres formes d\u2019expression prot\u00e9g\u00e9es. Les protections visant les interpr\u00e8tes reconnaissables devraient aussi tenir compte des chanteurs de s\u00e9ance, dont la voix peut avoir une valeur professionnelle sans \u00eatre largement connue du public. Une proc\u00e9dure de retrait pourrait concerner les r\u00e9pliques qui circulent avant l\u2019issue d\u2019un proc\u00e8s.<\/p>\n

    La r\u00e9plication vocale diff\u00e8re aussi de l\u2019influence musicale : le droit d\u2019auteur ne conf\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 sur un style, un genre ou une approche de production. Les clauses contractuelles soul\u00e8vent une question distincte de consentement, notamment pour savoir si un contrat de s\u00e9ance ou un envoi par un distributeur autorise des performances synth\u00e9tiques ult\u00e9rieures. La Californie restreint certaines clauses contractuelles relatives aux r\u00e9pliques num\u00e9riques, et SAG-AFTRA pr\u00e9voit des protections pour les enregistrements sonores ; la port\u00e9e de ces mesures d\u00e9pend de leur application.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"La victoire d\u00e9mocrate aux \u00e9lections de mi-mandat donne au Congr\u00e8s l\u2019occasion d\u2019examiner de nouvelles r\u00e8gles sur l\u2019entra\u00eenement de l\u2019AI, les droits d\u2019auteur musicaux et les performances synth\u00e9tiques.","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":27389,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"csco_display_header_overlay":false,"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_location_hash":"","csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6545],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-industry-news-fr","cs-entry","cs-video-wrap"],"yoast_head":"\nLa 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